Hybrid Al2O3-Cu/water nanofluid flow and heat transfer over vertical double forward-facing step

Turbulent heat transfer and hybrid Al2O3-Cu-nanofluid over vertical double forward facing-step is numerically conducted. The k-? standard model based on finite volume method in 2-D are applied to investigate the influences of Reynolds number, step height, fractions thermal performance. In this paper, different heights for three cases forward-facing adopted by five (Al2O3-Cu-water) nanofluid varied 0.1, 0.33, 0.75, 1, 2, while number between 10000 40000 with temperature constant. main findings revealed that rise local coefficients raised maximum coefficient was noticed at Re = 40000. Also rises detected increased concentrations found Al2O3-Cu-water 2% compared others. It also surface 1st step-Case 2 greater than 1 3 higher 2nd 3. Average all presented paper average Case Gradually increases skin friction remarked steps channel drop obtained number. Counter velocity show re-circulation regions as clarified enrichment rate. Furthermore, counter turbulence kinetic energy contour displayed provide demonstration achieving performance second cases.